Risk Factors

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Risk Factors

Aplastic anemia is rare, affecting only an estimated two people per every million in the United States. Factors that can increase your risk include:

  • Treatment with high-dose radiation or chemotherapy for cancer
  • Exposure to toxic chemicals
  • Use of prescription drugs — such as chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) used to treat bacterial infections and gold compounds used to treat rheumatoid arthritis — that are known to induce aplastic anemia
  • Use of inhalants — such as paint thinner, gasoline, nail polish remover, glues and lighter fluid
  • Certain blood diseases, autoimmune disorders and serious infections
  • Pregnancy, rarely
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